The U.S. Institute of Peace has issued a new report entitled The Jihadi Threat that suggests a proliferation of jihadi groups beyond their current shapes and numbers as well as the revival of al-Qaida. The 48-page report finds that both the Islamic State (IS) and al-Qaida have had far-reaching influence on disenfranchised Sunni groups in the Middle East, South Asia, Africa, and Caucasus. While some invoke the global jihadi rhetoric of the IS and al-Qaida, other groups are more nationalist or nation-first jihadis, such as Jabhat Fateh and Ahrar al-Sham of Iraq and Syria. Many of these country-first groups have fluid relationships with global jihadi groups and may shift their allegiances for strategic and financial reasons. The report’s contrast of al-Qaida and the IS is particularly noteworthy, finding that the former has been able to revive by gaining support among local jihadi and Salafist groups, unlike the IS, which has been losing territory, even though it is not likely to be the last such group to try such a recipe for achieving a global caliphate. To download the report, visit http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/The-Jihadi-Threat-ISIS-Al-Qaeda-and-Beyond.pdf